The thyroid, a tiny gland in the neck that resembles a butterfly, is essential for controlling growth, metabolism, and energy production. The two most prevalent conditions that can result from thyroid dysfunction are hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Overall health and well-being may be significantly impacted by either condition.
Hypothyroidism
The thyroid gland’s insufficient production of thyroid hormones causes hypothyroidism, which slows down the body’s metabolism. Iodine deficiency, prior thyroid surgery, and autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are common causes.
Fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, constipation, and cold sensitivity are common symptoms. If hypothyroidism is not treated, it can lead to heart problems, infertility, and mental health disorders like depression.
Hyperthyroidism
Conversely, an excess of thyroid hormones causes hyperthyroidism, which speeds up the body’s metabolic functions. Thyroid nodules, inflammation of the thyroid, and Graves’ disease, an autoimmune condition, are possible causes.
Rapid weight loss, anxiety, irritability, elevated heart rate, sweating, and trouble sleeping are some of the symptoms. Serious conditions like heart disease, osteoporosis, and eye issues, especially Graves’ disease, can result from untreated hyperthyroidism.
Diagnosis
Blood tests measuring thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are commonly used to diagnose thyroid disorders. Treatment options differ according to the diagnosis.
Levothyroxine and other synthetic hormones are often used in lifelong hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism. Treatment options for hyperthyroidism include radioactive iodine therapy to shrink the gland, drugs that prevent the production of thyroid hormones, and, in extreme situations, surgery.
Thyroid function must be regularly monitored because treatment and early detection can greatly enhance quality of life. Effective management of thyroid dysfunction symptoms requires seeking the right testing and treatment from a healthcare provider.
Diabetes, metabolism, and endocrinology in Nottinghamshire