What is hypercalcaemia?
A fluid and electrolyte imbalance known as hypercalcaemia occurs when blood calcium levels are higher than normal. Hypercalcaemia is the term used to describe blood calcium levels that are higher than the normal range of 2.1 to 2.6 mmol/L.
In most cases, mild cases of hypercalcemia are asymptomatic. However, hypercalcaemia can cause a number of issues, including increased gastrin production, peptic ulcers, heart rhythm abnormalities, and cognitive impairment, in people with a faster onset or higher blood calcium levels.
What are the symptoms of hypercalcaemia?
Symptoms may vary depending on the cause, but the main signs and symptoms are:
- More frequent urination and increased thirst
- Lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting or constipation
- Bone pain
- Feeling tired, fatigue or confusion
- Spasms or muscle weakness
- Gastritis
What are the causes of hypercalcaemia?
Cancer and primary hyperparathyroidism are the most frequent causes of hypercalcaemia. An estimated 90% of cases are thought to be caused by hyperparathyroidism.
In addition, vitamin D disorders (including excessive vitamin D and calcium intake), drug-associated and adrenal insufficiency, multiple myeloma and other cancers with metastases, kidney (renal) failure, and other conditions can all lead to hypercalcaemia.
Can hypercalcaemia be prevented?
The majority of hypercalcemia’s causes are unavoidable. However, if too much calcium in the diet is the cause, there are a number of ways to prevent its onset. Ask your doctor if you should avoid taking calcium and vitamin D supplements, what is the right amount of calcium for you personally, and if you are drinking enough water.
What is the treatment for hypercalcaemia?
The underlying cause of hypercalcaemia is typically the focus of treatment. For instance, surgery to remove the afflicted parathyroid gland may be necessary if primary hyperparathyroidism is the cause.
With lifestyle modifications and calcium intake monitoring, mild cases of hypercalcemia can be managed. However, if the hypercalcemia is severe and causes symptoms, treatment may be necessary, which may involve:
• giving intravenous fluids
- dialysis (should kidney failure be linked to hypercalcemia)
Depending on what caused the hypercalcemia, medication may be necessary.