What is a simple goitre?
A simple goitre is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, with no thyroid malfunction or thyroid cancer evident. The majority of goitres are non-cancerous and goitres are not tumours.
The thyroid gland is situated at the front of the neck where the collarbones intersect. It is a significant gland within the endocrine system, as it produces the hormones which regulate many functions in our bodies.
How is a simple goitre caused?
Goitres are usually caused by iodine deficiency. Iodine is essential in the creation of hormones by way of the thyroid. Therefore, if one does not have sufficient iodine in their body, the thyroid grows larger as it attempts to obtain more iodine. An infection, a response to the immune system destroying the thyroid, smoking, and certain foods and medications are also causatives of a goitre.
Goitres occur more frequently in individuals with a history of goitres in their families, individuals older than 40, and females.
What are the symptoms of a simple goitre?
The principal symptom of a goitre is an enlarged thyroid gland, but this can be any size, from appearing as a small mark or nodule to being a large swelling. Very occasionally, a goitre can press against the trachea (windpipe) and oesophagus, which can lead to breathing difficulties, a cough, and swallowing difficulties.
What is the treatment?
The majority of goitres are not causing any medical issues, therefore, they do not require treatment.
But if they are showing symptoms, and impair quality of life due to compression of the trachea, then treatment could be indicated. A goitre can be treated in a variety of ways, including:
• Thyroid hormone replacement tablets
• Iodine solution
• Iodine doses to shrink the gland
• Surgery to have the gland, or part of it, removed
How can goitres be prevented?
Goitres usually cannot be prevented, although because sometimes they are associated with iodine deficiency, you should ensure you obtain enough in your diet. Much of the salt we have is iodised, that is, iodine has been added to it. It should be controlled however how much salt is taken. Seaweed or seafood like shellfish is other means of obtaining sufficient iodine. An excessive amount of iodine can also lead to a goitre being developed, so take care of how much you eat.